Babies Get Heartburn Too



Television ads commonly show adults suffering with acid reflux or heartburn, but they seldom, if ever, show an exhausted parent walking the floor with an infant who is screaming, arching his or her back, and spitting up milk only to want to feed again, gulping it down quickly, and then vomiting it up once more. Yet, according to Susan Ornstein, a pediatric endocrinologist in Pittsburgh, five percent or more of babies born in the United States have gastroesophageal reflux disease—or GERD—which is the medical name for what we know as acid reflux or heartburn.

 

Acid reflux happens when acid, with or without partially digested food, flows backwards from the stomach and into the esophagus and sometimes the mouth. The acid burns when it touches the delicate membranes of these areas. Heartburn is just one symptom of GERD, but it is probably the one with which we are most familiar.

The regurgitation is due to a problem with a valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a circular muscle found between the esophagus and the upper part of the stomach. Normally, the LES tightens automatically after food and liquid enter the stomach so the contents, along with stomach acid, don’t flow backwards into the esophagus. But for various reasons, the valve doesn’t shut properly and reflux occurs.

 

Recognizing Acid Reflux in Infants
If you suspect or know your child has GERD, you may already have worried that something was wrong when your baby vomited shortly after feeding. But many babies spit up a lot. The difference, says Dr. Bruce A. Epstein, a pediatrician in St. Petersburg, Florida, is that babies with acid reflux spit up most of their milk and don’t gain weight. Other symptoms of GERD include:

  • sudden and inconsolable crying
  • bad breath
  • frequent night waking
  • noisy and difficult breathing
  • failure to thrive
  • swallowing problems
  • arching as if to get away from the breast or bottle
  • gagging or choking
  • asthma
  • awakening with crying, quickly responding to feeding, then awakening again in one to two hours

How Acid Reflux is Diagnosed
If your baby spits up a great deal after an hour or two of feeding, or suffers two or more of the above symptoms, see your pediatrician. The doctor may elect to run a number of tests, including an upper GI diagnostic test in which the baby is given some chalky material called barium to drink. A radiologist then traces the barium as it goes through the digestive tract. If the baby is regurgitating the barium into the esophagus, it shows up on the X-ray.

 

The Treatment for GERD
Fortunately, there are ways to treat GERD, including several types of medications and changes in the way you feed your baby. If you’re bottle feeding your child, your pediatrician may suggest adding a little rice cereal to the formula. The rice makes the milk thicker so it stays down, rather than being refluxed into the esophagus and causing the stomach acid to burn.

Additional suggestions to help with feeding include:

  • keeping the baby as vertical as possible
  • gently burping the baby frequently
  • trying not to rush a feeding, although that’s difficult when you have other children needing your attention too

Other Articles of Interest

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